Two different jobs, and most tools only do one
Search for a passport photo maker and you will get a single digital file back.
That is fine if you are uploading to a portal. It is useless if you need printed photos โ for a paper form, a visa appointment, a school record, an ID card. For that you need a sheet: one 4 x 6 print carrying several copies, which any photo shop will produce for a few coins and which you cut up yourself.
This does both. Frame the face once, then choose.
Getting the physical size right
A passport photo is specified in millimetres, not pixels. 35 x 45 mm nearly everywhere; 2 x 2 inches in the United States.
That only means anything on paper, so the sheet is built from the physical measurement at 300 DPI and laid out with real margins and cutting gaps. Printed at 100%, a ruler on the paper reads 35 mm.
โ ๏ธ Print at 100%. Leaving "fit to page" or "scale to fit" ticked is the single most common way a sheet is wasted โ every photo comes out slightly wrong and the whole print is scrap.
A useful cross-check on the arithmetic: 2 inches at 300 DPI is exactly 600 px, which is precisely the US State Department's stated minimum for a digital visa photo. And 35 x 45 mm at 300 DPI is 413 x 531 px, the figure Indian portals ask for. The physical and digital specifications agree.
Which size do I need?
- 35 x 45 mm โ the ICAO-derived size used by most of the world, including the UK, the EU, India, Australia, New Zealand, Nigeria and Pakistan.
- 2 x 2 in (51 x 51 mm) โ the United States, and square rather than portrait.
- 35 x 35 mm โ a square variant asked for by some Indian state and exam applications. Check your form before using it.
Only genuine standards are offered. A long list of near-identical national variants copied from photo vendors would look thorough and be wrong in places, and a wrong passport photo size costs an appointment.
What this cannot do
It cannot tell you whether your photo will be accepted, and any tool claiming to is overstating itself.
Dimensions are objectively measurable, so that part is solved. Head height, expression, whether hair crosses the frame edge, background colour, glasses and head coverings are judged by the issuing authority against rules that differ by country and are sometimes applied by a person. Read your own portal's guidance for those.
If your portal also demands an exact file size in KB, use resize an image in KB after this.